Deep-boring apparatus.



Patented May 6, i902.

W. WULSKI.

DEEP BDRING APPARATUS.

(Application led Sept. 10, 1900.)

(No Model.)

a Q WWW@ j UNITED STATES',

i PATENT j' OFFICE.

VVACLAW 'WOLSKL OF SCHODNICA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

DEEP-BORING APPARATUS.

sr ncInIcArrIoN formingpart of Letters Patent No. 699,273, dated May e,1902.

pplicetlon filed September 10, 1900. Serial No. 29,668. (No model.) l

To (LZZ whom, it rrr/ay concern.- Be it known that I, WACLAW WoLsKI, asubject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Schodnica, in theProvince of Ga- 5 licia, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Deep-Boring Apparatus; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full,`

and more especially to that type in which the water used to wash thespoils outof the borezo hole is utilized to drive the toolbut not in lthe ordinary manner. The novelty in the operation ofthe device consistsin operating the tool by water shock, the same principle being used inthe -wellknown hydraulic ram as a means for lifting water. Referring tothe drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated, Figure 1 isa vertical section of a hole with the boring apparatus therein insection.`

tary sectional views illustrating` a modified construction and anarrangement of` the valves shown in Figs. 1 and 2, showing elasticvalves.

In this apparatus the working parts are at the end of the boreandattached to the boretubes m, through which the water for driv-` ingthe tool and flushing out the bore-holes is driven in the usual mannerby a suitable pumpnvtnotshowm) the structure of the operating parts attheends of the tube fm, however, being of a different nature andoperatplained hereinafter. `Continuing from the Fig. 2 is a similar Viewshowing the preferred construction of apparatus; and Figs. 3 and 4 arefragmenvalve and piston.

air-chamber a is the hollow elementor tube l1, preferably made heavierthan the tubes m and on the end of which is secured the driving-cylinderc. -This cylinder c is closed at its end by a guide-plug o, here shownas screwed into the end of the cylinder and provided with a centralopening for the piston-rod f.

In the cylinder i3 the hollow pistond, whose head is provided with waterby-pass ports h in its upper end, the lower end of said piston beingcontinued as the hollow piston-rod j",

preferably, though not necessarily, formed in one piece with the piston,and which projects through the screw-plugo at the bottom ofthe cylinderc. Into the end of the hollow piston-rod f is screwed the hollowcuttingtool g, provided with .watenoutlets g', said tool resting on thesole of the bore-hole of such a size as to cut a hole larger in`diameter than the cylinder and of any desired cutting contour. Betweenthe piston andthe screw-plug o and around the piston-rod is acoil-spring e, the` -bracket il', in which is guided the stem of thevalve t', normallyv held retracted by a coilspring k around its spindleand held between the bracket and nuts Z. This valve controls `theby-pass ports h', formed in the pistonhead, and the force requiredtoclose it is regulated by means of turning the nuts Z to increase o`rdecrease the tension of the spring.

The operation'is as follows: The water is sent by the pump (not shown)down the hollow bore rod or tube` m, passes through the valve-ports h',interior of the piston cl,pis ton-rod f, openings4 g'in the tool, and`ascends on the exterior of the bore-tool, cylinder, and bore-rod,carrying with it the sludge, thus clearing the bore-hole of debris. Thedown column 0E water attains an increasing velocity, and the inertiawill then increase suficiently to force down the valvet' against the lstress ot' its spring k to automatically` close the by-pass h', thussuddenly cutting ott the ilow of water, and the inertia of the movingcolumn will then be exerted ou the closed The piston and tool will thenbe automatically forced down, "overcoming the stress of thelifting-springr e to drive the tool g against thsole ofthe bore- IOS 'hole. As in the case of. impact imparted to the same rate of velocitythat sound travels in water-that is, about fourteen hundred and fiftymeters per second. .In the air-chamber, between the surface of the airand water, reilection from the air-chamber takes place The condensationis transformed here instantly into rarefactiou, the elect of which istransmitted downward with the same ve'- locity, thus gradually cancelingby interference the condensation which hitherto existed, andwhen it hasreached the bottom of the column produces there a sudden rarefaction ofthe salue strength. At the same time the valve opens by reason of thestress of its spring k, and the water again flows through the opening71,', and the tool is returned to normal position by its spring e. Thewater column in the hollow rod b is again put in motion with auacceleration corresponding to its mass and to the pressure of the waterin the air-chamber. After the lapse of a few moments the velocity of thewater has again increased to such an extent that it will close vthevalve 'i to repeat the operations just described. In this way theboring-tool is caused to impart a succession of vigorous blows againstthe sole of the bore-hole at short intei-vals of time, the total effectof these strokes corresponding to the mechanical work accomplished bythe pump. The number of strokes in the above apparatus can be easilyregulated, as well as the force of each stroke. The pressure produced bythe water is proportion-al to the velocity of the impact, and as this isidentical with the velocity suicient to close the valve hence thepressure of the jar of the water can be regulated by regulatiug theamount of force required to seat the valve, which will be accomplishedby regulating the tension of the spring k by means of nuts Z. The'duration of the stroke can, ou the other hand, be regulated byregulating the length of the water column between the air-chamber andvalvethat is, increasing or decreasing it. The duration of pressure willlast for the length of time required for the elastic wave to travel thelength of this column and back. A

In Fig. 2 the valve controlling the water is not secured to the piston,and consequently does not reciprocate with it. The cuttingytool g2 ismade solid, and a solid piston-rod]E2 and piston d are secured to it.The bottom of the cylinder-casing n is closed by a guideplug o2,provided with water-outlets 03 and a central bore,in which is guided thepiston-rod This piston-rod f2 is provided with a collar f3, betweenwhich and the screw-plug o2 and around the piston-rod f2 is acoil-spring e2 to retract the cutting-tool. In the casing n is thecylinder c', projecting from'the conical valve-seat that forms its upperend and provided with waterpassages h2. A bracket i? is rigidlyconnected to thecasing fn. A spring 7a2 and nuts Z2 are for the samepurpose as described in reference to Fig. 1. The valve Z3 is a conicalring-valve and' controls the ports h2 in the conical seat. The operationis onkthe same principle as that of Fig. 1. The water column is setjnmotion by the outflow through the ports h2, casing n, water-passages osin the plug o2, and upward between the exterior-pot' the boring-tool andcylinder andthe walls of the bore-hole. When the velocity of the wateris suicient to cause it to overcome the resistance of the valve/Z3, thisvalve is forced on' its seat. The inertia of the moving mass will drivethe water through the center of the valve against the end of thebore-tool in the same manner as described with reference to Fig. l.Instead of the valve shown in Fig. 1 I may use one consisting of anelastic plate o4, Fig. 3, made of rubber, elastic steel, or similarmaterial.

Fig. et shows a ring-valvep of elastic ma- I terial that can replace thevalve 113, Fig. 2.

Having now described this invention, what I claim as new therein, Vanddesire to secure by Letters Patent., is-

l. In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a cylinder, a reci procabletool, a by-pass, means for sending water to saidl cylinder and bypass, avalve controlling the by-pass automatically closed by the force of lthemoving water, whereby the inertia of the column of water is imparted tothe tool, substantially as described.

2. In a boring apparatus, a cylinder, a reciprocable tool, a by-pass,hollow bore-rods to send water to said cylinder and by-pass, a Yvalvecontrolling the by-pass automatically closed by the forceof the movingwater to cause the inertia of the moving column of water to drive thetool and a suitably-located air-chamber to prevent the force of impactof the water from being translated to the borerods, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a cylinder, a reciprocabletool, a by-pass, hollow bore-rods to send water to said cylinder andby-pass, a valve controlling the by-pass, automatically closed by themoving vwater to cause said water to act by inertia on the tool, meansfor determining the length of time that the water .effectively acts onthe tool and means for determining the number of blows per unit of time,substantially as'described.v

et.' In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a cylinder, aspring-retracted reciprocable tool, a by-pass, hollow bore-rods to sendwater to said cylinder and by-pass, a valve controlling the by-passautomatically closed by the force of the moving water to cause theinertia of the moving column of water to drive the tool and auair-chamber located above the cylin- 'roc IIC

der on the end of the bore-rod to prevent the f seems low bore-rod tosend water to said cylinder.

and by-pass, a valve controlling the by-pass automatically closed by theforce of the mov-` ing water to cause the inertia of lthe moving columnof water to drive the tool, an airchamber and a` weighted elementforming part of the bore-rod, substantially as described.

In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a cylinder, a reciprocable tool, aby-pass,a valve controlling the by-pass, a hollow bore-rod, and anair-chamber and a heavy hollow element between the end of the bore-rodand cylinder to prevent shock being translated to the bore-rod and todetermine the number of impacts per unit of time, substantially asdescribed. 7. In a Water-actuated boring apparatus, a reciprocablespring-retracted tool, a casing, a cylinder having an upper conical endsecured t the casin g and provided with by-pass ports, a yieldingly-heldvalve `controlling the bypass ports and havinga central passage over thecylinder leading` tothe tool, and means for preventing the translationof shock tothe rod, substantially as described. l

8. In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a

I hollow bore-rod, an airchamber, the end of the bore-rod projectinginto one end of said chamber to form an air-trap, a casing, an elementconnecting one end of the casing and `air-chamber that determines theduration of the shock imparted by the water, a cylinder in said casinghaving a Haring end, by-pass ports in said flaring end, aspring-retracted piston in said cylinder, a tool carried by the pistonand a ring-valve controlling the bypass ports automatically closed bythe lnoving water to direct the inertia of the moving column through thevalve against the piston, substantially as described. y

9. In a water-actuated boring apparatus, a hollow bore-rod, anair-chamber, the end of the bore-rod projecting into the upper end ofsaid chamber to form an air-trap, an openended cylinder, an enlargedconical end to said cylinder, by-pass ports in said conical portion, acasing surrounding the cylinder, a plug in the end of the casingprovided with openings to admit water to the sole of the bore-hole, apiston in said cylinder, a tool secured to said piston, a collar f3, aspring between the collar and plug and a springlretracted ring-valvecontrolling the by-pass ports automatically operated by the water todirect the moving column against the piston to drive the tool,substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname in presi ence of two subscribing witnesses.

VACLAW W'OLSKI.

